List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 2)

Law clerks have assisted Supreme Court Justices in various capacities since the first one was hired by Justice Horace Gray in the 1880s. By the traditions and rules that have developed around this procedure today Associate Justices on the Supreme Court of the United States have the opportunity to select four law clerks each term of the court. The Chief Justice is allowed five clerks, though late Chief Justice Rehnquist usually only hired three.

The following is a still-incomplete table of Supreme Court law clerks who served the Justice holding Seat 2.

This seat was established on September 24, 1789 by the Judiciary Act of 1789 [see 1 Stat. 73].

Horace Gray

January 9, 1882 –
September 15, 1902
Clerk Started Finished School(year) Previous clerkship
Thomas A. Russell 1882 1883 Harvard
William Schofield 1883 1885 Harvard none
Henry Eldridge Warner 1885 1886 Harvard
William H. Dunbar 1886 1887 Harvard
Edward Twisleton Cabot 1887 1888 Harvard
Samuel Williston 1888 1889 Harvard (1888) none
Blewett Lee 1889 1890 Harvard
Francis Richard Jones 1890 1891 Harvard
Ezra R. Thayer 1891 1892 Harvard
Moses Day Kimball 1892 1893 Harvard
James M. Newell 1892 1893 Harvard
Gordon T. Hughes 1894 1895 Harvard
Jeremiah Smith 1895 1896 Harvard
Charles L. Barlow 1896 1897 Harvard
Robert Romans 1897 1898 Harvard
Roland Gray 1898 1899 Harvard
John Gorham Palfrey 1899 1900 Harvard
Joseph Warren 1900 1901 Harvard
Langdon Parker Marvin 1901 1902 Harvard

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.

December 8, 1902 –
January 12, 1932
Clerk Started Finished School(year) Previous clerkship
Charles K. Poe 1905 1906
Augustin Derby 1906 1907 Harvard (1906) none
Howard Stockton 1907 1908
Erland F. Fish 1908 1909
Leland B. Duer 1909 1910
Irving S. Olds 1910 1911 Harvard (1910) none
Francis B. Biddle 1911 1912 Harvard (1911) none
Stanley Clarke 1912 1913
George L. Harrison 1913 1914 Harvard
Harvey Hollister Bundy 1914 1915
Chauncey Belknap 1915 1916
Shelton Hale 1916 1917
Vaughn Miller 1917 1918
Lloyd H. Landau 1918 1919
Stanley Morrison 1919 1920 Harvard (1917)
Day Kimball 1920 1921
Laurence Curtis 1921 1922 Harvard (1921) none
Robert M. Benjamin 1922 1923
James M. Nicely 1923 1924 Harvard
W. Barton Leach 1924 1925 Harvard (1924) none
Charles Denby, Jr. 1925 1926 Harvard
Thomas Gardiner Corcoran 1926 1927 Harvard (1926)
Arthur E. Sutherland 1927 1928 Harvard (1925)
John E. Lockwood 1928 1929
Alger Hiss 1929 1930 Harvard (1929) none
Robert W. Wales 1930 1931 Harvard
H. Chapman Rose 1931 1932 Harvard
Donald Hiss 1932 1933 Harvard
Mark DeWolfe Howe 1933 1934 Harvard
James H. Rowe 1934 1935 Harvard

Benjamin N. Cardozo

March 14, 1932 –
July 9, 1938
Clerk Started Finished School(year) Previous clerkship
Joseph Paley 1932 1932
Melvin H. Siegel 1932 1933 Harvard
Ambrose Doskow 1933 1934 Columbia
Alan M. Stroock 1934 1936 Yale
Joseph L. Rauh, Jr. 1936 1938 Harvard (1935)

Felix Frankfurter

January 30, 1939 –
August 28, 1962
Clerk Started Finished School(year) Previous clerkship
Joseph L. Rauh, Jr. 1939 1939 Harvard (1935) Cardozo
Adrian S. Fisher 1939 1940 Harvard (1937) Brandeis
Edward F. Prichard, Jr. 1939 1940 Harvard (1938) none
Philip L. Graham 1940 1941 Harvard (1939) S. F. Reed
Philip Elman 1941 1943 Harvard (1939) Magruder (1st Cir.)
Stanley M. Silverberg 1943 1944 L. Hand (2d Cir.)
Philip Kurland 1945 1946 Harvard (1944) J. Frank (2d Cir.)
Louis Henkin 1946 1947 Harvard (1940) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
Irving J. Helman 1947 1948 Harvard (1942) Magruder (1st Cir.)
Albert J. Rosenthal 1947 1948 Harvard (1941) Magruder (1st Cir.)
William Thaddeus Coleman 1948 1949 Harvard (1946) Goodrich (3d Cir.)
Elliot L. Richardson 1948 1949 Harvard (1947) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
Hugh Calkins 1950 1951 Harvard (1949) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
Vincent L. McKusick 1951 1952 Harvard (1950) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
Alexander M. Bickel 1952 1953 Harvard (1952) none
Frank E.A. Sander 1953 1954 Harvard (1952) Magruder (1st Cir.)
James Vorenberg 1953 1954 Harvard (1951) none
Andrew L. Kaufman 1954 1955 Harvard (1954) none
E. Barrett Prettyman, Jr. 1954 1955 Virginia (1953) R. H. Jackson
Harry H. Wellington 1955 1956 Harvard (1952) Magruder (1st Cir.)
Jerome A. Cohen 1956 1957 Yale (1955) Warren
Richard N. Goodwin 1958 1959 Harvard (1958) none
Howard I. Kalodner 1958 1959 Harvard (1957) J. Sloane (PA CP6)
Paul Bender 1959 1960 Harvard (1957) L. Hand (2d Cir.)
Anthony G. Amsterdam 1960 1961 Penn (1960) none
John D. French 1960 1961 Harvard (1960) none
David P. Currie 1961 1962 Harvard (1960) Friendly (2d Cir.)

Arthur J. Goldberg

October 1, 1962 –
July 25, 1965
Clerk Started Finished School(year) Previous clerkship
Peter B. Edelman 1962 1963 Harvard (1961) Friendly (2d Cir.)
Alan M. Dershowitz 1963 1964 Yale (1962) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
Lee McTurnan 1963 1964 Chicago (1963) none
Stephen G. Breyer 1964 1965 Harvard (1964) none
Stephen Goldstein 1964 1965 Penn (1962) none

Abe Fortas

October 4, 1965 –
May 14, 1969
Clerk Started Finished School(year) Previous clerkship
John Griffiths 1965 1966 Yale
Daniel P. Levitt 1965 1966
H. David Rosenbloom 1967 1968 Harvard (1966) none
Peter L. Zimroth 1967 1968 Yale (1966) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
Martha A. Field 1968 1969 Chicago (1968) none
Walter B. Slocombe 1968 1969 Harvard (1968) none

Harry Blackmun

June 9, 1970 –
August 3, 1994
Clerk Started Finished School(year) Previous clerkship
Daniel B. Edelman 1970 1971 Harvard (1969) Blackmun (8th Cir.)
Robert E. Gooding Jr. 1970 1971 Michigan (1969) Schaefer (Ill.)
Michel A. LaFond 1970 1971 American (1970) none
George T. Frampton 1971 1972 Harvard (1969)
Michel A. LaFond 1971 1972 American (1970) Blackmun
John Townsend Rich 1971 1972 Yale (1969) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
Randall P. Bezanson 1972 1973 Iowa (1971) R. Robb (D.C. Cir.)
Ralph I. Miller 1972 1973 Texas (1972) none
James W. Ziglar 1972 1973 GW (1972) none
James J. Knicely 1973 1974 Harvard (1972) R. Robb (D.C. Cir.)
Robert I. Richter 1973 1974 Chicago (1972) I. Goldberg (5th Cir.)
Benjamin S. Sharp 1973 1974 Penn State (1973)
Richard Blumenthal 1974 1975 Yale (1974) none
Karen Nelson Moore 1974 1975 Harvard (1973) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
William H. Block 1975 1976 Chicago (1974) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
Donna M. Murasky 1975 1976 Chicago (1972) (6th Cir.)
David C. Patterson 1975 1976 Harvard (1974) McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
William H. Block 1976 1977 Chicago (1974) Blackmun / McGowan (D.C. Cir.)
Richard A. Meserve 1976 1977 Harvard (1975) Kaplan (Mass.)
Richard K. Willard 1976 1977 Harvard (1975) A. Kennedy (9th Cir.)
Diane Pamela Wood 1976 1977 Texas (1975) I. Goldberg (5th Cir.)
Keith P. Ellison 1977 1978 Yale (1976) J. S. Wright (D.C. Cir.)
Michael S. Sundermeyer 1977 1978 Virginia (1976) Wisdom (5th Cir.)
Ruth Wedgwood 1977 1978 Yale (1976) Friendly (2d Cir.)
Albert G. Lauber 1978 1979 Yale (1977) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
William A. McDaniel 1978 1979 Virginia (1977) Seitz (3d Cir.)
Thomas W. Merrill 1978 1979 Chicago (1977) Bazelon (D.C. Cir.)
Luther T. Munford 1978 1979 Virginia (1976) Roney (5th Cir.)
Dan T. Coenen 1979 1980 Cornell (1978) Haynsworth (4th Cir.)
Penda Hair 1979 1980 Harvard (1978) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
William J. Murphy 1979 1980 Penn (1978) Seitz (3d Cir.)
Mark C. Rahdert 1979 1980 Yale (1978) Gurfein (2d Cir.)
James J. Brudney 1980 1981 Yale (1979) Gesell (D.D.C.)
Susan G. Lahne 1980 1981 Virginia (1979) Butzner (4th Cir.)
Frank S. Holleman III 1981 1982 Harvard (1979) H. Winter (4th Cir.)
Kit Kinports 1981 1982 Penn (1980) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
Harold Hongju Koh 1981 1982 Harvard (1980) Wilkey (D.C. Cir.)
Charles Rothfeld 1981 1982 Chicago (1980) S. Robinson (D.C. Cir.)
Alan S. Madans 1982 1983 Duke (1981) Oakes (2d Cir.)
David W. Ogden 1982 1983 Harvard (1981) Sofaer (S.D.N.Y.)
Cory Streisinger 1982 1983 Stanford (1980)
David E. Van Zandt 1982 1983 Yale (1981) Leval (S.D.N.Y.)
Scott R. McIntosh 1983 1984 Harvard
Elizabeth G. Taylor 1983 1984 Virginia (1982) Coffin (1st Cir.)
Vicki Been 1984 1985 NYU (1983) Weinfeld (S.D.N.Y.)
Mark D. Schneider 1984 1985 Columbia (1983) Oakes (2d Cir.)
Beth Heifetz 1985 1986 NYU (1983) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
Pamela S. Karlan 1985 1986 Yale (1984) Sofaer (S.D.N.Y.)
Helane L. Morrison 1985 1986 Berkeley (1984) Posner (7th Cir.)
David A. Sklansky 1985 1986 Harvard (1984) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
Beth S. Brinkmann 1986 1987 Yale (1985) Kravitch (11th Cir.)
Ellen E. Deason 1986 1987 Michigan (1985) Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
Chai Rachel Feldblum 1986 1987 Harvard (1985) Coffin (1st Cir.)
Emily Buss 1987 1988 Yale (1986) L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
Ann M. Kappler 1987 1988 NYU (1986) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
Danny Ertel 1987 1988 Harvard (1986) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
Alan C. Michaels 1987 1988 Columbia (1986) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
Edward B. Foley 1988 1989 Columbia (1986) P. Wald (D.C. Cir.)
Kevin M. Kearney 1988 1989 Emory (1987) J. Oakes (2d Cir.)
Edward Lazarus 1988 1989 Yale (1987) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
Deborah C. Malamud 1988 1989 Chicago (1986) L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
Vikram D. Amar 1989 1990 Yale (1988) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
Anne Dupre 1989 1990 Georgia (1988) Edmondson (11th Cir.)
Martha Matthews 1989 1990 Berkeley (1987) S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
Ann Alpers 1990 1991 Stanford (1989) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
Lynn E. Blais 1990 1991 Harvard (1988) Justice (E.D. Tex.)
Michael A. Conley 1990 1991 Boston (1989) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
Alan Jenkins 1990 1991 Harvard (1989) R. Carter (S.D.N.Y.)
Jeffrey A. Meyer 1991 1992 Yale (1991) Oakes (2d Cir.)
Stephanie Dangel 1991 1992 Yale (1991) Leval (S.D.N.Y.)
Molly McUsic 1991 1992 Harvard (1989)
Sherry Colb 1992 1993 Harvard (1991) Feinberg (2d Cir.)
William S. Dodge 1992 1993 Yale (1991) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
Geoffrey M. Klineberg 1992 1993 Yale (1990) Wald (D.C. Cir.) / Cabranes (D. Conn.)
Andrew H. Schapiro 1992 1993 Harvard (1990) Posner (7th Cir.)
Radhika Rao (shared with Marshall) 1992 1993 Harvard (1990) Cudahy (7th Cir.)
Michelle L. Alexander 1993 1994 Stanford (1992) Mikva (D.C. Cir.)
Sarah H. Cleveland 1993 1994 Yale (1992) Oberdorfer (D.D.C.)
Ann Hubbard 1993 1994 Duke (1992) Wald (D.C. Cir.)
J. Paul Oetken 1993 1994 Yale (1991) Cudahy (7th Cir.) / Oberdorfer (D.D.C.)
Paul H. Schwartz (shared with Breyer) 1994 1995 North Carolina (1992) Kravitch (11th Cir.)
Michael J. Wishnie (shared with Breyer) 1995 1996 Yale (1993) Sarokin (3d Cir.)
Cecillia D. Wang (shared with Breyer) 1996 1997 Yale (1995) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
Laura A. Dickinson 1997 1998 Yale (1996) D. W. Nelson (9th Cir.)
Clare Huntington (shared with Breyer) 1998 1999 Columbia (1996) Garland (D.C. Cir.) / Cote (S.D.N.Y.)

Stephen Breyer

August 3, 1994 –
present
Clerk Started Finished School(year) Previous clerkship
Henk J. Brands 1994 1995 Columbia (1990) Souter / S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
Lisa Schultz Bressman 1994 1995 Chicago (1993) Cabranes (D. Conn.)
Deanne E. Maynard 1994 1995 Harvard (1991) Powell / S. Harris (D.D.C.)
Jonathan T. Molot 1994 1995 Harvard (1992) S. Breyer (1st Cir.)
Paul H. Schwartz (shared with Blackmun) 1994 1995 North Carolina (1992) Kravitch (11th Cir.)
Yochai Benkler 1995 1996 Harvard (1994) none
Jennifer G. Newstead 1995 1996 Yale (1994) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
Kevin K. Russell 1995 1996 Yale (1994) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
Michael J. Wishnie (shared with Blackmun) 1995 1996 Yale (1993) Sarokin (3d Cir.)
Neal K. Katyal 1996 1997 Yale (1995) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
Robin A. Lenhardt 1996 1997 Harvard (1995) Bownes (1st Cir.)
Aaron M. Panner 1996 1997 Harvard (1995) Boudin (1st Cir.)
Carolyn Shapiro 1996 1997 Chicago Posner (7th Cir.)
Cecillia D. Wang (shared with Blackmun) 1996 1997 Yale (1995) W. Norris (9th Cir.)
Rachel A. Harmon 1997 1998 Yale (1996) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
Theodore W. Ruger 1997 1998 Harvard (1995) Boudin (1st Cir.)
Linda T. Coberly 1998 1999 Michigan (1995) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.)
Robert Hochman 1998 1999 Chicago (1997) Posner (7th Cir.)
Clare Huntington (shared with Blackmun) 1998 1999 Columbia (1996) Garland (D.C. Cir.) / Cote (S.D.N.Y.)
Jennifer S. Martinez 1998 1999 Harvard (1997) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
Colin S. Stretch 1998 1999 Harvard (1996) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
Erin Glenn Busby 1999 2000 Harvard (1998) Boudin (1st Cir.)
Marc E. Isserles 1999 2000 Harvard (1998) Silberman (D.C. Cir.)
Ketanji Brown Jackson 1999 2000 Harvard (1996) Selya (1st Cir.) / Saris (D. Mass.)
Tim Wu 1999 2000 Harvard (1998) Posner (7th Cir.)
Danielle Spinelli 2000 2001 Harvard (1999) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
Stacey M. Leyton 2000 2001 Stanford (1998) Reinhardt (9th Cir.) / Illston (N.D. Cal.)
Russell K. Robinson 2000 2001 Harvard (1998) D. W. Nelson (9th Cir.)
Alexander A. Reinert 2000 2001 NYU (1999) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
Vince Chhabria 2001 2002 Berkeley (1998) Browning (9th Cir.) / C. Breyer (N.D. Cal.)
Risa Goluboff 2001 2002 Yale (2000) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
Mirah A. Horowitz 2001 2002 Duke (2000) Wardlaw (9th Cir.)
Michael E. Leiter 2001 2002 Harvard (2000) Boudin (1st Cir.)
Priya Aiyar 2002 2003 Yale (2001) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
John M. Golden 2002 2003 Harvard (2000) Boudin (1st Cir.)
Maritza U. Okata 2002 2003 Yale (2000) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
Anne K. Small 2002 2003 Harvard (2001) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
Ariela M. Migdal 2003 2004 NYU (2001) H. Edwards (D.C. Cir.)
Pratik Shah 2003 2004 Berkeley (2001) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.)
Alexandra M. Walsh 2003 2004 Stanford (2001) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
Davis J. Wang 2003 2004 Harvard (2002) Boudin (1st Cir.)
Christina D. Burnett 2004 2005 Yale (1998) Cabranes (2d Cir.)
James P. Dowden 2004 2005 Boston College (2000) Scirica (3d Cir.)
Aimee A. Feinberg 2004 2005 Stanford (2002) Tatel (D.C. Cir.)
Jacob J. Sullivan 2004 2005 Yale (2003) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
Danielle Gray 2005 2006 Harvard (2003) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
Kathryn E. Judge 2005 2006 Stanford (2004) Posner (7th Cir.)
Jonathan Kravis 2005 2006 Yale (2004) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
John H. Longwell 2005 2006 Georgia (1999) D. Ginsburg (D.C. Cir.) / V. Walker (N.D. Cal.)
Jaren Casazza 2006 2007 Columbia (2004) Jacobs (2d Cir.) / K. Wood (S.D.N.Y.)
Tacy F. Flint 2006 2007 Chicago (2004) Posner (7th Cir.)
Stephen Shackelford 2006 2007 Harvard (2005) Boudin (1st Cir.)
Thiru Vignarajah 2006 2007 Harvard (2005) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
Michael S. Bosworth 2007 2008 Yale (2003) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
Karen Dunn 2007 2008 Yale (2006) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
Eric J. Feigin 2007 2008 Stanford (2005) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
Philippa M. Scarlett 2007 2008 Columbia (2003) A. Williams (7th Cir.)
Brianne Gorod 2008 2009 Yale (2005) Katzmann (2d Cir.) / Rakoff (S.D.N.Y.)
Seth Grossman 2008 2009 Yale (2005) Calabresi (2d Cir.) / Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
Aileen M. McGrath 2008 2009 Harvard (2007) Boudin (1st Cir.)
Matthew E. Price 2008 2009 Harvard (2006) Boudin (1st Cir.)
Andrew M. Crespo 2009 Harvard (2008) Reinhardt (9th Cir.)
Bessie Dewar 2009 Yale (2006) W. Fletcher (9th Cir.) / L. Pollak (E.D. Pa.)
Chris C. Fonzone 2009 Harvard (2007) Wilkinson (4th Cir.)
Jennifer Nou 2009 Yale (2008) Posner (7th Cir.)
Erika L. Myers 2010 Stanford (2008) Kozinski (9th Cir.)
Brian Netter 2010 Yale (2006) J. A. W. Rogers (D.C. Cir.)
Natalie Ram 2010 Yale (2008) Calabresi (2d Cir.)
David Zionts 2010 Harvard (2008) Garland (D.C. Cir.)
Rebecca Stone 2011 NYU (2009) Posner (7th Cir.)

References